Frequency of Vitamin-D deficiency in children with Urinary tract infection: A descriptive cross-sectional study.

Saba Qadir,Muhammad Nadeem Chohan,Shazia Memon,Yasmeen Memon

doi:10.12669/pjms.37.4.3896

Abstract

Objective:To determine Vitamin-D status in children with urinary tract infection.Methods:A Cross-sectional study was done at Pediatric Department, Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad, from July 2019 to March 2020. A total of 172 children of either gender from 2 to 60 months of age with confirmed urinary tract infection (UTI) (having positive urine C/S report) were included in the study. The child who received antibiotics 48 hours prior or already on immunosuppressive drugs and steroids from previous health record or by taking clinically relevant history), children with CKD on vitamin-D supplementation, and known case of Vitamin-D deficiency were also excluded from the study. All study participants were evaluated for vitamin-D level by high performance liquid chromatography. Urine sample was collected for C/S and 1 cc venous blood was taken for Vitamin D status (ng/ml). The mean ± standard deviation (SD) and stratification was calculated for age, duration of urinary tract infection and vitamin-D level. Post stratification chi-square test was applied for all categorical variables at 95% confidence interval (CI) and P-value ≤0.05 was considered significant.Results:The average age of the patients was 41.51±18.34 months. There were 130 (75.58%) females and 40 (23.25%) males. Most common complaint of the children was fever 150 (87.21%). Vomiting was present in 31 (18.02%), abdominal pain 22 (12.79%) and dysuria in 15 (8.72%) children. A total of 129 (75%) children had pyelonephritis and 15 (25%) had cystitis. (Frequency of vitamin-D deficiency in children with diagnosed UTI was 45.93% (79/172). Mild vitamin D deficiency was present in 42 (53.16%) children, while moderate deficiency in 55 (69.62%) children. E. Coli was the most common pathogen in both mild and moderate vitamin D deficiency i.e., 20 (47.61) and 31 (56.36%) respectively.Conclusion:The frequency of urinary tract infection is more common in children having vitamin D deficiency.

Highlights

Vitamin-D has a vital role in the immune regulation, and it has a systemic effect on pathogens.[1,2] Vitamin D deficiency can cause hypocalcemia that reduces the function of neutrophils and lymphocytes.[3]
Total 172 children with urinary tract infection were taken in this study
Total 172 children with confirmed urinary tract infection (UTI) were included in this study

Summary

Introduction

Vitamin-D has a vital role in the immune regulation, and it has a systemic effect on pathogens.[1,2] Vitamin D deficiency can cause hypocalcemia that reduces the function of neutrophils and lymphocytes.[3]. Deficiency of vitamin-D is associated with sepsis, pneumonia, and influenza.[5] In previous studies Vitamin-D deficiency was associated with UTI; 6 having the prevalence of 20%.7. UTI is a common diagnosis in children. It can cause abdominal pain, fever, frequency, dysuria and hematuria. In the first year of life UTI is most common in boys than girls but afterwards it is more common in girls. There are various risk factors for UTI like congenital anomalies of kidneys and urinary tract (PUV and VUR), constipation and bladder dysfunction. Escherichia coli infection is the most common pathogen (80% to 90%) causing the UTI.[9]

Methods

Discussion

Conclusion