Abstract
Background: Increasing resistance to antimicrobials is a worldwide problem. The aim of our study was to determine the pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria causing urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. Methods: This is a prospective cohort study conducted over a 10-month period with 101 children hospitalised at Kamenge University Hospital for acute UTI. The infections were confirmed by Kass urinalysis criteria, and culture and susceptibility antibiotic tests were performed for isolated microbial agents. Results: Frequency of UTI in the overall population of children hospitalised at Kamange University Hospital was 8.4%. Of the 101 children with UTIs, 87 (86.1%) were under the age of 24 months. Diagnosis of pyelonephritis (82%) was the most common, followed by cystitis (18%). Escherichia coli (82%) was the most frequent pathogen causing UTI. We found E coli and Klebsiella pneumonia to be resistant to aminopenicillins (100%), cotrimoxazole (98.2%, 100%), Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid) (70.5%, 80%), cefotaxime (45.8%, 28.6%), cefuroxime (36.8 to 45.5%, 50%), fluoroquinolones (33.3 to 53.6%, 28.6 to 50%), gentamicin (27.5%, 20%), and nitrofurantoin (9.3%, 50%). Conclusion: E coli is the main causal agent of UTI in childhood with a high resistance to antibiotics. Appropriate antibiotics for empiric therapy should be based on local circulating bacterial strains and resistance profiles.
Highlights
Antimicrobial resistance to common bacterial infections has become an increasingly challenging worldwide problem, as many currently available drugs have been found to have little or no effect on new resistant bacteria.[1]
Our research focused on the pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria causing urinary tract infection (UTI) in children hospitalised in paediatric service at Kamenge University Hospital, Bujumbura, Burundi
This study has shown the prevalence of isolation and antibiotic resistance pattern of uropathogenic bacteria in paediatric service at Kamenge University Hospital
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance to common bacterial infections has become an increasingly challenging worldwide problem, as many currently available drugs have been found to have little or no effect on new resistant bacteria.[1]. Between 12 and 24 months, the difference between the sexes increases with incidence estimated at 8% of girls and 2% of boys.[2] Each year, 150 million UTIs are reported worldwide with estimated cost of more than 6 billion US dollars.[6,7] Clinical diagnosis of UTI is not easy during childhood. The signs and symptoms in infants and young children are variable and nonspecific of urinary tract, which can delay diagnosis and treatment.[8] Empirical and appropriate antimicrobial therapy should lead to rapid recovery and avoidance of complications. The aim of our study was to determine the pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria causing urinary tract infection (UTI) in children
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