Abstract
BackgroundA knowledge regarding anatomical variants is important to achieve success in endodontic treatment. Root canal treatment of mandibular first premolars (PM1 s) is challenging due to the existence of numerous variations in canal configurations, including a C-shaped variant. We aim to determine the frequency and morphologic characteristics of non-single canals of mandibular first (PM1 s) and second (PM2 s) premolars in a Korean population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to evaluate correlations between non-single canals of PM1 s and other anatomical variants, such as distolingual roots (DLRs) in mandibular first molars (M1 s) and C-shaped canals in mandibular second molars (M2 s).MethodsA total of 971 PM1 s and 997 PM2 s from 500 patients were examined in vivo by CBCT. Root canal configurations and C-shaped canals were determined in accordance with the Vertucci classification and Fan classification, respectively. The correlation between non-single canals in PM1 s and DLRs in M1 s was evaluated using logistic regression analysis.ResultsPM2 s typically had one root (99.89%) with one canal (98.4%). Among PM1 s with non-single canals (21.2%), Vertucci type V (10.9%) and C-shaped (3.7%) canals were prevalent. Among C-shaped PM1 canals, the majority were Vertucci type V (77.8%); a C-shaped configuration (C2) was predominant mostly at the middle and/or apical third of the root. After adjusting for other variables (i.e., sex, age, and side), C-shaped canals in PM1 s was significantly correlated with the presence of DLRs in M1 s (odds ratio = 2.616; 95% confidence interval, 1.257–5.443; p = 0.010).ConclusionsThe presence of C-shaped PM1 canals was positively related to the presence of DLRs in M1 s. Although C-shaped canals in PM1 s are difficult to distinguish, this finding could aid clinicians in predicting C-shaped canal configurations in PM1 s of patients who exhibit DLRs in M1 s.
Highlights
A knowledge regarding anatomical variants is important to achieve success in endodontic treatment
Among PM1 s with ≥2 root canals (21.2%), Vertucci type V (10.9%) and C-shaped (3.7%) canals were more frequent than other types
Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for sex, age, and side, the presence of non-single PM1 canals was significantly correlated with the presence of distolingual roots (DLRs) in M1
Summary
A knowledge regarding anatomical variants is important to achieve success in endodontic treatment. Previous studies have shown high frequencies of nonsingle canal systems in mandibular premolars (12.9–34.8% and 2–9.9% in mandibular first and second premolars, respectively) [4,5,6,7,8,9]. These variations are caused by differences in methodology, ethnicity, and characteristics of participants, such as age and sex [4, 5]. Differences in sex, side, and relationships with other variations in root canal morphology can be compared in CBCT scans
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