Frequency of Metabolic Syndrome in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: As a well-established risk factor for coronary heart disease, Metabolic Syndrome was already encountered. But the relationship between Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the independent contribution of Metabolic Syndrome remained unclear. To evaluate the status of metabolic syndrome in the Type 2 diabetic population and for their ability to predict Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, in parallel with conventional stroke risk factors, this study was planned. Methods: A hospital-based descriptive observational study was conducted in 100 patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus who were selected by consecutive random sampling techniques. Patients were diagnosed through proper history, clinical examination, and necessary investigations. The outcome values were measured in anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and blood glucose. Results: Among 100 patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, (64%) were females who were housewives (41%) with significant difference (p < 0.001) and Mean± SD was 58±12.24 yrs ranging from 32-85 years. About 30% had a positive family history of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and 28% tobacco abuse. Of the total, 31% of patients had high blood pressure, and 28% had low HDL with a significant difference (p<0.001), but 46% had high triglyceride levels, which was not significant. More than half (53.12%) females showed central obesity, while only 16.67% had central obesity among males, and it showed a significant difference (p=0.04) in both sex. There was a high frequency of Metabolic Syndrome in a patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (68%) with a significant difference, and 48% were female, and 20 % were male. In patients of Metabolic Syndrome, central obesity was found in 36(52.94%) patients where females were predominantly affected 32(88.89%), hypertension found in 28(4118%) patients where male were predominantly affected 16(57.14%) patients, hypertriglyceridemia found in 44(64.70%) patients where a female was predominantly affected 26(59.09%) patients and low HDL found in 22(32.35%) patients where a female was predominantly affected 16(72.73%). Conclusion: The frequency of Metabolic Syndrome was more than double in women (48%). Central obesity and low HDL were significantly more prevalent in women than men, where hypertension was significant in men. So it would be reasonable to conclude that women are more likely to suffer from Metabolic Syndrome from cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.