Abstract
To determine the frequency of iron deficiency anaemia in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients. The observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Nephrology, The Kidney Centre Post-Graduate Training Institute, Karachi, from April 27 to October 26, 2018, and comprised adult patients of either gender diagnosed with anaemia and estimated glomerular filtration rate <90ml/min. Patient with transferrin saturation <20% were labelled as having iron deficiency anaemia. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Of the 366 participants, 185(50.5%) were males and 181(49.5%) were females. The overall mean age was 54.47±14.93 years. The most prevalent comorbid was hypertension 263(71.9%), followed by diabetes mellitus 187(51.1%) and cardiovascular disease 54(14.8%). Besides, 192(52.5%) patients had CKD stage 5 followed by 115(31.4%) and 54(14.8%) with CKD stages 4 and 3, respectively. The mean haemoglobin was 9.17±1.57g/dL. Iron deficiency was found in 285(77.9%) patients. Iron deficiency anaemia was found to be highly prevalent and should be screened routinely and managed appropriately.
Highlights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major non-communicable disease responsible for considerable morbidity, early mortality and significant economic burden worldwide[1].Kidney failure is associated with destabilisation of several homeostatic processes that result in adverse disease outcome[2]
Iron deficiency was found in 285(77.9%) patients
It may contribute to cognitive impairment, lethargy, poor quality of life (QOL), increased hospitalisations, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and heart failure (HF)[3]
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major non-communicable disease responsible for considerable morbidity, early mortality and significant economic burden worldwide[1]. Kidney failure is associated with destabilisation of several homeostatic processes that result in adverse disease outcome[2]. Anaemia is an important modifiable risk factor for many adverse events in CKD4. It occurs in early CKD and worsens with declining glomerular filtration rate (GFR)[5]. Anaemia has a strong association with CKD progression[5]. It has been identified as an independent risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality[3]
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