FREQUENCY OF HYPONATREMIA

Abstract

Introduction: Acute diarrhea is defined as passage of three or more stools in a day, of consistency softer than usual for thechild, or one watery stool. Acute diarrhea is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. It accounts for approximately25% of total admissions in children ward and causes mortality of 5-10% in community. As dehydration is the main complication of diarrhea,treatment focuses upon rehydration through fluid replacement. Oral Rehydration solution (ORS) is the recommended treatment in children withacute diarrhea and some dehydration. Now WHO has recommended Low Osmolarity ORS which contains less sodium and glucose thanstandard ORS. One of the side effect of use of ORS solution with reduced sodium level is the development of hyponatremia ( i.e. serum sodiumlevel less than 130 meq/L) in some of children with acute diarrhea and results in adverse clinical events. Objective: To determine thefrequency of hyponatremia in children taking low osmolarity ORS for management of acute diarrhea with some dehydration. Study design:Descriptive case series. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted in Department of Pediatrics, Children ward-2 Bahawal VictoriaHospital Bahawal Pur and Department of Pathology Quaid-e-Azam medical college Bahawal Pur from 7th August 2010 to 22nd September2010. Subjects and methods: Total 32 children with age between 3 months to 60 months with acute diarrhoea and some dehydration withnormal initial serum sodium were included. An informed consent was taken from the parents to include their children in the study. Proforma wasfilled at the time of admission and after 4 hours. Blood sample was taken to measure serum sodium level. Criteria of hyponatreima was serumsodium level below 130 meq/l after giving low osmolarity ORS at a dose of 75 ml/kg to drink. Results: A total of 32 children with acute diarrheawere included in study with age ranging from 3 months to 60 months. Male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Hyponatremia was seen in 2 (6.3%) ofpatients. Conclusions: The risk of hyponatremia in patients treated with the low osmolarity ORS was minimal.