Frequency of human platelet antigens (HPA)-1, -2, -5 and -15 inBrazilian blood donors and establishment of a panel ofHPA-typed donors.

Abstract

The aim of this study is to keep a record of regular human platelet antigens (HPA)-typed blood donors and to compare their allele frequencies with those reported in other populations. HPA are polymorphisms expressed on platelet membrane glycoproteins. They can generate an immune response leading to platelet alloimmunisation that may show clinical manifestations, such as neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, post-transfusion purpura and platelet refractoriness. Platelet alloimmunisation is not uncommon, therefore, for an optimum management, it is advantageous to establish a panel of typed platelets to help matched platelets selection in HPA-alloimmunised patients transfusion. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-allele-specific primers and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism methods were used to determine the genotypes of HPA-1, -2, -5 and -15 systems of 337 blood donors. The three genotypes (AA, AB and BB) were found in all HPA systems analysed, and the most frequent genotypes were AA for HPA-1, -2 and -5 systems (mean: 0·732) and AB for HPA-15 system (mean: 0·523). Allele frequencies were 0·148, 0·155, 0·140 and 0·430 for HPA-1b, -2b, -5b and -15b, respectively, and they were similar to those found in Caucasian populations, especially for HPA-1. However, the B allele was more frequent in all HPA systems when compared with Amazon Indians, and the frequency of the B allele in our study was higher in HPA-1 and -15 systems and lower in HPA-2 and -5 systems in comparison with sub-Saharan African populations. A record of HPA-typed donors would enable rapid identification and selection of donors when HPA-compatible platelets are required for transfusion.