Frequency of CD34 and CD10 Expression in Adolescent and Young Adult Patients Having Precursor B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Its Correlation With Clinical Outcomes: A Single-Center Study.

Munawar Ali Shah,Muhammad Tariq Mahmood,Asad H Ahmad,Muhammad Abu Bakar,Usman Ahmad

doi:10.7759/cureus.21261

Abstract

Background: The clinical outcomes of CD34 and CD10 antigens expression in adolescent and young adult (AYA) precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-B-ALL) is not still well established. In the present study, we analyzed the laboratory characteristics and clinical outcomes of 123 AYA pre-B-ALL patients in order to evaluate the possible clinical significance of these markers.Materials and methods: In the current study clinical data of 123 consecutive AYA pre-B-ALL patients aged 18-39 years old, enrolled in adult hematology-oncology unit from December 2014 to April 2019 was analyzed. Patient clinical outcome was calculated as overall survival and disease-free survival.Results: Overall, 76.4% of patients showed CD34 expression and CD10 expression was found in 90.2%. CD34 and CD10 expression was associated with higher total leucocyte count, increased peripheral blood blast percentage, and decreased platelet count. Overall survival and disease-free survival were both significantly better in CD34 negative and CD10 negative patients compared to their CD34 positive and CD10 positive counterparts.Interpretation and conclusion: Expressions of CD34 and CD10 are adverse prognostic factors in AYA pre-B-ALL patients and the presence of these antigens influences the clinical outcome of these patients.

Highlights

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a clonal disorder that is characterized by malignant proliferation and accumulation of immature lymphoid cells in the medullary cavity [1]
Overall, 76.4% of patients showed CD34 expression and CD10 expression was found in 90.2%
CD34 and CD10 expression was associated with higher total leucocyte count, increased peripheral blood blast percentage, and decreased platelet count

Summary

Introduction

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia is a clonal disorder that is characterized by malignant proliferation and accumulation of immature lymphoid cells (lymphoblast) in the medullary cavity [1]. “B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is a neoplasm of immature B-cell precursors that typically affects children younger than 6 years but is encountered in older children and adult populations. Cell surface phenotype in lymphoblastic leukemia has variably been found to have prognostic significance [6]. CD34 was shown to be expressed in 53% of cases of adult lymphoblastic leukemia and had the worst outcome compared with CD34 negative cases [8]. The survival rate of children with positive CD34 and CD10 B-ALL was significantly better than those with negative CD34 and CD10 expression so, CD34 and CD10 expression may have prognostic significance and is associated with favorable clinical outcomes in children [10]. The clinical outcomes of CD34 and CD10 antigens expression in adolescent and young adult (AYA) precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-B-ALL) is not still well established. We analyzed the laboratory characteristics and clinical outcomes of 123 AYA pre-B-ALL patients in order to evaluate the possible clinical significance of these markers

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Conclusion