Abstract
Introduction: β-Lactamase enzymes are one of the most important factors in generating antibiotic resistance among gram-negative bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen from the Enterobacteriaceae family, which plays a major role in the development of hospital infections and people with underlying diseases. Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of the essential oil of Teucrium polium on strains containing antibiotic resistant genes in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Zahedan. Materials and Methods: To identify chemical compounds and to investigate the antibacterial effects of T. polium extract, the leaves of this plant were collected from their natural habitat in May 2018 at full flowering stage. Extraction was carried out by water distillation method. Antibacterial activity of the extract of this plant and the least inhibitory concentration of growth on the resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae was performed. Results: The essential oil yield of T. polium was 75%. Of the 29 compounds identified in the essential oil of the T. polium, the combination of α-pinene with 12.52%, linalool was the highest in the essential oil of 10.63%. Of the 120 isolates of K. pneumoniae, 52 isolates in the initial screening were positive for ESBL production, of which 39 isolates (32.5%) were positive in the phenotypic confirmatory assay. Around 11 isolates (10.8%) had ampC genes. Based on the results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 76.9%, 12.8%, 30.8%, 28.2%, 25.7% and 56.4% of the isolates were carriers of FOX, EBC, ACC, DHA, CIT genes and MOX, respectively. Conclusion: The results of antimicrobial resistance study of isolates showed that the highest resistance to erythromycin antibiotics (92.5%), cefotaxime (38.4%) and ceftriaxone (35.9%), respectively, while the highest susceptibility was observed in colistin antibiotics (98.3%), imipenem (90%) and amikacin (88.3%), respectively. The essential oil of the T. polium had a significant antibacterial effect. Due to the high percentage of high concentrations of α-pinene and linalool in the essential oil of the T. polium, in such a way that has antibacterial properties, T. polium can be used to cope with certain pathogenic bacteria.
Highlights
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative pathogen of opportunistic Enterobacteriaceae family that plays a major role in the development of various hospital infections such as pneumonia, sepsis, urinary tract infections, and intra-abdominal infections in hospitalized patients as well as patients with underlying diseases [1]. β-Lactam antimicrobial agents are currently the most commonly used treatment for bacterial infections
Considering the creation of new gaps between conventional medicine and molecular medicine in the present age, antibiotic therapy can be selected by identifying the resistance gene in the bacteria in the shortest possible time based on the molecular analysis of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Our results showed that the level of resistance to thirdgeneration cephalosporin is relatively high among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae in Zahedan, since due to the lack of effective antibiotics for the treatment of these pathogens, this level of resistance can have many problems in the future
Summary
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative pathogen of opportunistic Enterobacteriaceae family that plays a major role in the development of various hospital infections such as pneumonia, sepsis, urinary tract infections, and intra-abdominal infections in hospitalized patients as well as patients with underlying diseases [1]. β-Lactam antimicrobial agents are currently the most commonly used treatment for bacterial infections. Β-Lactam antimicrobial agents are currently the most commonly used treatment for bacterial infections. The widespread use of β-lactam antimicrobial agents may lead to the resistance to bacterial beta-lactam antibiotics worldwide. The essential oil of the Teucrium polium had a noticeable antibacterial effect due to the high concentration of α-pinene and linalool. Their amino acids leads to different varieties among the family [2]. Over the decades after the discovery of antibiotics, their uncontrolled administration to treat bacterial infections has led to the selection and spread of resistant strains of bacteria, bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a global dilemma. The major consequence of this misguided strategy is to replace and create clones of resistant strains of bacteria instead of susceptible strains
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