Frequency of ABO Blood Group and Rh (D) Negative Mothers Among Pregnant Women Attending at Antenatal Care Clinic of Sodo Health Center, SNNPR, Ethiopia

Kebreab Paulos Chanko

doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20200802.11

Abstract

Background: - Women need to find out their blood type at the start of their pregnancy. Blood will be taken to find out, and there are four different types: A, B, AB, and O. In addition to blood type, women can have Rh factor (specifically Rhesus D antigen), which is when proteins appear on the surface of the blood. Women who do have Rh factors are classified as Rh positive (A+, B+, AB+, and O+), and women who don't are Rh negative (A-, B-, AB- and O). OBJECTIVE: Assessment of the frequency of ABO blood group and Rh (D) negative among pregnant women attending at antenatal care clinic of Sodo health center. METHOD: a retrospective study was conducted at the Sodo health center ANC clinic from Jan-April 2019. A total of 270 study participants was used. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Socio-demographic information was collected using pretested questionnaires. The data was edited, cleaned, entered, and analyzed by using SPSS 20. Statistical test between dependent and independent variables has been done by using multivariable logistic registration. Moreover, the table and different forms of the graph was used to present data. RESULT: Among a total of 270 study subjects, O comprised 41.1% ‘A’ (28.5%). ‘B’ and ‘AB’ accounts (24.5%) and (5.9%) respectively. Rh blood group results revealed that 7.0% of the participants were Rh-negative. CONCLUSION: This result showed that the most prevalent blood group is O while the least prevalent is the AB blood group. The frequency of Rh (D) negative pregnant women was 7.0%, among these blood group O Rh (D) negative was the most frequent. Generally, the frequency of Rh (D) negative pregnant women in this study is higher than most studies which were conducted elsewhere at different sites of the world which needs a great concern for appropriate prevention and management of Rhesus incompatibility during the antenatal visit of pregnant women.

Highlights

The membrane of the human red blood cell (RBC) contains a variety of blood group antigens
The distribution of blood group O was the highest with percentage frequency of 41.1%, followed by blood group A and B with percentage frequency of 28.5% and 24.5% respectively and the least percentage frequency is that of blood group AB which is 5.9% and Rhresult revealed that 7.0% of the participants were Rh (D) negative
The distribution of ABO blood groups varies from one population to the other, in most studies blood group O has been reported as the predominant group

Summary

Introduction

The membrane of the human red blood cell (RBC) contains a variety of blood group antigens. The most important and best known of these is A and B antigens, which are complex oligosaccharides that differ in their terminal sugar. The antibodies against red cell antigens are called agglutinins and individuals are divided into four major blood groups A, B, AB, and O according to the presence of these antigens and agglutinins [1]. Human red cells that contain antigen -D are known as Rhesus positive while those without antigen -D in their RBC’s are Rhesus negative [2]. All human populations share the same blood group systems; they differ in the frequencies of specific types. Identification of the Rh system is important to prevent the erythroblastosis fetalis; which commonly arises when an Rh-negative mother carries an Rh-positive fetus [3]

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Conclusion