Abstract
This paper proposes the frequency-modulation (FM) controlled load-independent class-E inverter, which has robustness against simultaneous variations of the load and the components in the output resonant filter. The main idea is to apply the FM control of the output-voltage regulation to the load-independent class-E inverter. By applying that, the proposed inverter can keep the phase shift between the driving signal and the output voltage constant without using any time information. As a result, the proposed inverter can maintain the constant output voltage and high power-conversion efficiency operation at high frequencies despite the load variations and the component tolerances in the output resonant filter. We give analytical expressions of the proposed inverter and quantitative evaluations. Additionally, an experimental prototype of the proposed inverter was implemented. The theoretical and experimental results showed the validity and effectiveness of the proposed inverter. The implemented inverter achieved 95% efficiency with the 5.7 W output and 1-MHz operating frequency at the rated operation.
Highlights
The class-E inverter [1]–[17], [21]–[33] is one of the highfrequency resonant inverters, which can achieve high powerconversion efficiency due to the class-E zero-voltage and zero-derivative switching (ZVS/ZDS)
The class-E inverter is expected to apply to various high-frequency applications, such as the dc-ac inverter part of the resonant converters, powerfactor correction converters [1], [2], and transmitter part of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems [3]–[11]
The inverter works outside the nominal operations [30]–[33] against load variations or component tolerance in the resonant filter, as shown in Fig. 2(b) and (c)
Summary
The class-E inverter [1]–[17], [21]–[33] is one of the highfrequency resonant inverters, which can achieve high powerconversion efficiency due to the class-E zero-voltage and zero-derivative switching (ZVS/ZDS). The load-independent class-E inverter [11]–[14] achieves constant output voltage, ZVS, and fixed phase shift between the driving signal and the output voltage at any load resistance without any control This inverter attracts much attention recently [9]–[15] because of the appearance of the suitable applications, such as the WPT systems and the high-frequency resonant converters. The self-tuned class-E inverter [15]–[17] uses this characteristic for achieving high power-conversion efficiency against the component tolerance in the output-resonant filter. The proposed inverter works on the load-independent operation, even with output resonant-filter component tolerances because the phase shift can be kept constant. The proposed inverter has robustness against simultaneous variations of load and the output resonant filter components, which achieves constant output voltage with high power-conversion efficiency. It can be stated that we succeeded in loading both the load-independent operation and the self-tuning function onto the class-E inverter simultaneously, similar to the ARFT LLC converter
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