Abstract
In this work, we propose a battery management system control (BMSC) for primary frequency regulation. In many operational scenarios, the microgrid (MG) results in a weak frequency due to the low inertia of the renewable energy sources and the highly dynamic loads. The proposed BMSC improves the operation and control of the MG by managing the energy stored in the battery storage systems (BESS) through the battery management system (BMS); continuous frequency control of the MG is achieved, preserving the energy availability of BESS. The proposed system performs frequency control actions in real time in the MG operation through BMSC, and it is not required to know the insolation and wind speed forecasts, due to the high uncertainty in the forecasts. Frequency regulation is achieved by evaluating the energy required by the MG, and by controlling the charging and discharging operations that ensure that the BESS resource is available. Due to the highly dynamic MGs, the contribution of the battery in each period is limited to a percentage of its capacity, avoiding deep discharges and the loss of premature energy provided by the battery. The control will apply a remedial action scheme to keep the frequency within the operating margins if the BMS cannot regulate the frequency. The system proposed here is evaluated using an MG system in an island operation. The results show the feasibility of the proposed system under different operating conditions and the compliance with the technical operational specifications of the BESS.
Highlights
The increase in demand for energy, the integration of renewable energy sources (RES), and the depletion of fossil fuels have all contributed to the recent technological development of microgrids (MGs)
MICROGRID OPERATIONS WITH battery management system (BMS) CONTROL The frequency and voltage in an MG are affected by the intermittency of the renewable sources, a high-impedance connection or islanded operation, which result in more difficult conditions
A wind turbine system was located at node 6 with 40 kW capacity, a photovoltaic system at node 2 at 40 kW, and the MT-2 at node 5 with operating limits between 35-50 kW
Summary
The increase in demand for energy, the integration of renewable energy sources (RES), and the depletion of fossil fuels have all contributed to the recent technological development of microgrids (MGs). A battery energy storage system supports the frequency control process within microgrids with a high penetration of RES active power response to frequency deviations by combining a conventional droop control method with a virtual inertia function to improve the system’s stability [12]. BMSC is proposed to consider the charge/discharge operations over a full cycle of one day of BESS and continuous frequency control of MG is carried out, preserving the energy availability of BESS. Primary frequency control at remote nodes, including the sensitivity factors of the electrical network, can be achieved with the proposed method; it is necessary to evaluate the energy availability of the BESS when performing remote functions.
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