Abstract

Recently, one of the most commonly discussed applications of terahertz radiation is wireless telecommunication. It is believed that the future 6G systems will utilize this frequency range. Although the exact technology of future telecommunication systems is not yet known, it is certain that methods for increasing their bandwidth should be investigated in advance. In this paper, we present the diffractive optical elements for the frequency division multiplexing of terahertz waves. The structures have been designed as a combination of a binary phase grating and a converging diffractive lens. The grating allows for differentiating the frequencies, while the lens assures separation and focusing at the finite distance. Designed structures have been manufactured from polyamide PA12 using the SLS 3D printer and verified experimentally. Simulations and experimental results are shown for different focal lengths. Moreover, parallel data transmission is shown for two channels of different carrier frequencies propagating in the same optical path. The designed structure allowed for detecting both signals independently without observable crosstalk. The proposed diffractive elements can work in a wide range of terahertz and sub-terahertz frequencies, depending on the design assumptions. Therefore, they can be considered as an appealing solution, regardless of the band finally used by the future telecommunication systems.

Highlights

  • The rapid development of terahertz (THz) technologies is observed [1].Unique features of the THz waves allowed them to find applications in many fields of science [2,3], nondestructive testing [4,5,6,7], medical diagnostics [8,9,10] as well as telecommunication [11,12,13,14]

  • We present a novel method of frequency division multiplexing of the THz radiation, based on the combination of two different diffractive optical elements (DOEs)

  • THz diffractive optical elements for frequency division multiplexing based on the combination of the diffraction grating and converging lens have been proposed

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Summary

Introduction

The rapid development of terahertz (THz) technologies is observed [1].Unique features of the THz waves allowed them to find applications in many fields of science [2,3], nondestructive testing [4,5,6,7], medical diagnostics [8,9,10] as well as telecommunication [11,12,13,14]. One of the crucial aspects of all modern telecommunication systems is the constant demand for increasing bandwidth It can be met by systems, in which more than one communication link can be placed in a single communication medium (which is known as multiplexing). Multiplexing techniques based on signal division in time, polarization, modal distribution, or orbital angular momentum have been shown and implemented in many telecommunication systems [18,19,20]. The first THz multiplexing solutions based on frequency division [26,27], polarization division [26], space division [28], or orbit angular momentum division [29] are reported. Designed structures separate spatially signals coming from a single data transmission channel with respect to the carrier frequency

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