Abstract
The Japan Meteorological Agency keeps records of geomagnetic phenomena observed at Kakioka (magnetic latitude, 27.47°), Memambetsu (magnetic latitude, 35.44°), and Kanoya (magnetic latitude, 22.00°). We used these records to examine the cumulative frequency distribution of magnetic storms, sudden impulses, and storm sudden commencements. The distributions of magnetic storms resemble the Gutenberg–Richter relation between earthquake frequency and magnitude used in seismology. The coefficients determined with the maximum likelihood method show that when the H-range of a magnetic storm at Kakioka is doubled, the frequency of the magnetic storm is about one seventh, for example. Intense magnetic storms occur less frequently than calculated by the functions. This statistical analysis proves that there are no significant differences between slopes of the frequency distribution functions of the magnetic phenomena at Kakioka, Memambetsu, and Kanoya.
Highlights
Solar–terrestrial environmental variations, that is, space weather, are monitored and forecast by using observations of the sun’s surface, solar wind, and other solar phenomena
Summary and discussion We showed that the frequency distribution of the H-range of magnetic storms resembles the Gutenberg–Richter relation between earthquake frequency and magnitude used in seismology
For sudden impulses (SI)+storm sudden commencements (SSC), the hypothesis that the frequency distribution follows a power law is rejected by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test
Summary
Solar–terrestrial environmental variations, that is, space weather, are monitored and forecast by using observations of the sun’s surface, solar wind, and other solar phenomena. Sunspot numbers, which have been recorded for several hundred years, are a good index of long-term solar activity, but this index is not suitable for analyzing individual space weather events since there are many sunspots that are not linked to any geomagnetic phenomena. Geomagnetic phenomena such as magnetic storms, are discrete events that cause changes to. Data JMA has published records of SSC, solar flare effects, SI, continuous pulsations, irregular pulsations, and geomagnetic storms observed at Kakioka (magnetic latitude, 27.47°), Memambetsu (magnetic latitude, 35.44°), and Kanoya (magnetic latitude, 22.00°) (Table 1). Geomagnetic field observations have been carried out Minamoto et al Earth, Planets and Space (2015) 67:191
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