Frequency, Determinants, and Consequences of Anosognosia in Acute Stroke

Abstract

Anosognosia is a well-known symptom after stroke but its frequency following acute stroke is not known and knowledge of its impact on functional outcome is limited. This prospective study included 566 consecutive, unselected, acute stroke patients. Anoso gnosia was evaluated on acute admission using the test of Bisiach et al. (1986), stroke severity with the Scandinavian Neurological Stroke Scale (SNSS), and activities of daily living (ADLs) with the Barthel Index (BI). Multiple linear and logistic regres sion analyses were done to find the influence of anosognosia on the outcome of stroke per se. The frequency of anosognosia was 21% on acute admission. The lesion was located in the right hemisphere in 81% of the patients. Anosognosia was seen more frequently following cortical vs. subcortical lesions but showed no significant rela tionship to any of the four cortical lobes. The presence of anosognosia per se predicted 11.5 points less in discharge BI, increased the likelihood of death during the hospital stay by a factor of 4.4, and reduced the likelihood of discharge to independent living in survivors by 0.43. Anosognosia is common in acute stroke, has a profound influence on the prognosis, and indicates patients needing special encouragement and assistance with mobilization.