Abstract
The low-cycle-fatigue characteristics of solder joints, formed by reflowing Sn98.8/Ag1.0/Cu0.1/In0.05/Ni0.02 solder over electroless nickel immersion gold-plated copper pads, were investigated by dynamic cyclic bending of printed circuit boards (PCBs). The PCB strain amplitudes were varied from 1.2 × 10−3 to 2.4 × 10−3 and the flexural frequencies ranged from 30 Hz to 150 Hz, to simulate drop impact-induced PCB resonant frequencies. A trend of drastically decreasing fatigue life with cyclic frequency was observed, in contrast with previous reports indicating the reverse; this is attributed to the different failure mechanisms activated. A systematic procedure involving optimization followed by transformation was used to condense the strain–frequency–life data into a master curve expressed in strain–life space.
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