Abstract
Electronic converters (ECs), such as Digital-to-Analog Converters (DACs) and Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs), have become essential components in high-speed optical communication systems. However, with increasing operating symbol rates and modulation formats, frequency dependent ENoB such as those demonstrated by wideband ECs begin to impair signal quality significantly. Understanding these impairments is crucial for future optical link planning and deployment. Here, we present a novel ADC model that can simulate frequency dependent ENoB in optical links. The model is both theoretically and experimentally validated. Using such models, we demonstrate the effects of wideband ECs on 64 GBaud DP-16QAM (400G), 64 GBaud DP-64QAM (600G), and 96 GBaud DP-32QAM (800G). Furthermore, we present a machine learning based regression that can analytically obtain EC induced penalties for these investigated systems.
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