Abstract
Integration of more renewable energy resources introduces a challenge in frequency control of future power systems. This paper reviews and evaluates the possible challenges and the new control methods of frequency in future power systems. Different types of loads and distributed energy resources (DERs) are reviewed. A model representation of a population of the water heater devices for the demand side frequency response is considered. A model representation of a population of battery energy storage system (BESS)-based DERs such as smart electric vehicles (EVs) charging, large-scale BESSs, and residential and non-residential BESSs, are highlighted. The simplified Great Britain power system and the 14-machine South-East Australian power system were used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new methods in controlling power system frequency following a disturbance. These new methods are effective in recovering the fallen frequency response and present a great potential in controlling the frequency in future power systems.
Highlights
Due to the integration of renewable energy resources (RESs), performing the frequency control from only the conventional generation becomes more expensive
The demand side frequency control (DSFC) consider the aggregation of the water heater devices such as the electric resistance water heater (ERWH) and the heat pump water heater (HPWH)
The battery energy storage system (BESS)-based distributed energy resources (DERs) represent the aggregation of different types of DERs such as the smart electric vehicles (EVs) charging, large-scale BESSs, home-based BESS
Summary
Due to the integration of renewable energy resources (RESs), performing the frequency control from only the conventional generation becomes more expensive. The aggregation of the demand side controllable devices to regulate the frequency is a new method to alleviate the expanding need in the conventional power generators [1,2,3]. The distributed energy resources (DERs) are becoming more attractive to supply local loads alongside with the conventional generators [1]. The whole power system stability with the integration of DERs is an important issue in the modern systems. The DERs with a well-coordinated control can significantly improve the stability of the power system frequency [1,2,3]. The DER allocation is important to enhance the integration of these power sources and improving the power system frequency [4]
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