Abstract
Fast frequency response from wind turbines and plants has been playing an increasingly important role in our modern power system, which has a large share of wind energy integration. Frequency control from grid-following wind turbines and plants has been extensively investigated in the literature, whereas grid-forming frequency control methods have aroused people’s attention in recent years, with relatively little comparison available. This paper provides such a comparison, illustrating the differences between the two methods of providing frequency support in a power system. The comparison shows the superiority of grid-forming frequency control methods over grid-following ones, and gives a glance into power system frequency stability in the transition from grid-following to grid-forming frequency support supplied by wind power. The results are elaborated in a benchmark WSCC 9-bus system, which features detailed electromagnetic transient modeling of the components from a single converter, a wind turbine, and a wind plant to the whole power system.
Highlights
Wind energy is becoming an increasingly significant electricity supplier in modern society
grid-followingfrequency frequencycontrol control method (GFL-FCM) usually include virtual inertial response [2,3], which is proportional to rate of change of frequency (RoCoF), and frequency-active power ( f − P) droop control
Such methods rely on phasor-locked loops (PLLs) to estimate the frequency, which causes a time lag [4] and induces noise to the control system that may lead to instability [5]
Summary
Wind energy is becoming an increasingly significant electricity supplier in modern society. Time-domain responses of active power and frequency were compared when the virtual inertia devices were controlled in GFM and GFL modes respectively in a 14-generator, 59-bus South-East Australian system, responses from multiple units were plotted together in the same figure; it is not easy to obtain the distinct differences between GFM and GFL controls In such a large system, no consideration was given to the scenario in which GFM and GFL units coexist. The interactions during FFR between a grid-forming wind plant (GFMWP) and a grid-following wind plant (GFL-WP) are revealed This approach gives insights into the frequency stability of a power system in the transition from GFL-WPs to GFM-WPs. The comparison is conducted in a WSCC 9-bus system [16], which provides a multi-source, multi-area scenario.
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