Abstract
Sn-substituted lead calcium iron niobate specimens with general formula (Pb0.45Ca0.55)(Fe0.5Nb0.5)1−y Sn y O3 with 0.00 ≤ y ≤ 0.15 in steps of 0.03 have been synthesized using a two-stage method. The x-ray diffraction patterns for all the synthesized samples reveal a perovskite structure with pseudocubic symmetry. A small amount of pyrochlore phase was obtained along with the perovskite phase, decreasing with increasing Sn content up to y = 0.09. The temperature and frequency dependence of the dielectric and electrical properties of Sn-substituted lead calcium iron niobate were studied. Two dielectric anomalies were observed in e r–T plots for all the samples due to generation of oxygen vacancies. The temperature coefficient of relative permittivity, τ e , decreased with increasing Sn content. The single, semicircular arc observed in Nyquist plots suggests a single relaxation process. The activation energies obtained from the temperature dependence of the relaxation time and grain resistance were found to be approximately comparable.
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