Abstract
This hospital-based cross-sectional study aimed at determining frequency and risk indicators/predictors of periodontitis in a sample of Egyptian adult population and to develop a prediction equation for classifying periodontal diseases. Seven hundred and fifty subjects were consecutively recruited from outpatient Diagnostic Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University. Validated oral health questionnaire for adults and oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire were filled by all patients. Diagnosis was made based on measurements of clinical periodontal parameters including plaque index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, clinical attachment level and gingival recession. Radiographic examination was performed using digital periapical radiographs. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to determine significant predictors of periodontal diseases and discriminant analysis was performed to predict periodontal disease classification. Gingivitis was the most frequent periodontal disease (39.6%) followed by periodontitis stage I (38%), stage II (20.4%), stage III (1.6%) and stage IV (0.4%). The lowest OHIP-14 scores were in patients with periodontitis stages III and IV. Multivariate analysis showed that education (p < 0.001), OHIP-14 score (p = 0.003), non-smoking (p = 0.001) and non-alcohol drinking (p = 0.021) were significant negative predictors, while never to clean the teeth (p < 0.001) were significant positive predictors of periodontal disease. Periodontitis stages III and IV were the least frequent on a sample of Egyptian adult patients. Education, frequency of teeth cleaning, smoking, alcohol drinking and OHIP-14 scores were significant predictors of periodontal disease. Through discriminant analysis this study could classify patients into different periodontal diseases with an overall correct prediction of 99.2%.
Highlights
Periodontal disease has been shown to be one of the most common oral conditions of the human population with a prevalence of 20%–50% of the entire global population, that has widespread in developed as well as developing and underdeveloped countries (Nazir, 2017)
A recently published systematic review with meta-analysis by Bouziane et al (2020) observed a lack of data regarding the prevalence of aggressive periodontitis in Africa and recommended more epidemiologic studies to be conducted with less heterogeneity, better condition identification and low risk of bias, to accurately address the prevalence of aggressive periodontitis in the African and Arab regions
Gingivitis was the most frequent periodontal disease, with 297 patients (39.6%) followed by 285 patients diagnosed as periodontitis stage I (38%) and 153 patients diagnosed as periodontitis stage II (20.4%)
Summary
Periodontal disease has been shown to be one of the most common oral conditions of the human population with a prevalence of 20%–50% of the entire global population, that has widespread in developed as well as developing and underdeveloped countries (Nazir, 2017). Epidemiologic studies of periodontitis in different populations are useful, to determine the prevalence, extent and severity of disease, and to describe the history of the condition and to identify etiological risk factors of the disease (Raitapuro-Murray et al, 2014). Several systematic reviews with metaanalysis as well as meta-regression explored the prevalence of periodontal disease in epidemiologic studies around the world (Kassebaum et al, 2014; Susin et al, 2014; Catunda et al, 2019; Bouziane et al, 2020). Catunda et al (2019) reported a wide range of prevalence of periodontitis in young population and suggested that this could indicate differences in population, predisposing factors, or lack of standardisation in diagnosis.
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