Abstract
The mechanism of heteronuclear dipolar decoupling by the TPPM sequences, proposed by Bennett et al. (J. Chem. Phys. 103 (1995) 6951) is investigated by comparison with a modified pulse sequence, called TPFM, that uses frequency instead of phase modulation. By combining frequency and phase modulations, circularly modulated sequences are designed. The fact that only the left-handed modulation sequence FMPM L leads to improved proton decoupling, while the right-handed modulation sequence FMPM R is ineffective, proves that the efficient decoupling is caused by a secondary resonance effect.
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