Frequency and Knowledge of Analgesics Self-Use and Their Adverse Effects in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

Background Paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most commonly used over-the-counter (OTC) medications, both locally in Saudi Arabia (SA) and globally. They are widely available and can be easily obtained; however, the potential health risks of these drugs are well-documented. This study aimed to measure the frequency of analgesics' self-use and assess the general population's knowledge of their adverse effects. Methodology This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study that was conducted through an online self-administered questionnaire. It targeted adults who are non-healthcare professionals living in the eastern province of SA. Results The sample consisted of 345 participants, of which 196 (56.8%) were male and 149 (43.2%) were female. The most self-used medication was paracetamol at 91%, followed by ibuprofen at 38.8%. Although the prevalence of self-use was high, a low frequency of repeated use was evident, as 49.3% of the participants rarely used them and 19.4% used them only every few months. There was a significant association between the female gender, lower levels of education, and a higher frequency of repeated use of analgesics. About 54.5% of the participants recognized three side effects or fewer, while 90 (26.1%) of them showed knowledge about four to six side effects. Conclusions Considering that paracetamol and NSAIDs are easily procurable OTC, the knowledge of the general population about their harmful adverse effects needs to be enhanced, specifically that of the most vulnerable patient groups.