Frequency and intensity of tropical disturbances over the Indian region and its neighboring seas with associated rainfall during the monsoon season: A perspective

Abstract

India, a leading developing country in the Asian continent, is worldwide famous for its diversified and complex monsoon rainfall system, and the factors associated with it. The peninsular shape in the southern half provides an extra benefit in terms of rainfall. This mainly occurs over the coastal regions due to the passage of tropical disturbances, which originate from the surrounding seas. An alarming effect of global warming on the climate of India is the potential increase of severe climatic situations, such as storms, hurricanes, etc, in future. In this context, the relationship between the rainfall over the Indian region and the frequency and intensity of tropical disturbances is here studied to know the actual role of these disturbances in rainfall contribution over the country for the period of 1901 to 2017. The genesis of disturbances over the seas is marked and linked with the rainfall distribution. The activities of tropical disturbances and rainfall during extreme event years, such as El Niño, La Niña, flood, and drought, are also thoroughly investigated. The rainfall behavior is also observed in the presence, as well as in the absence, of tropical disturbances, since these disturbances play a vital role in the rainfall contribution, especially during the weak monsoon years.