Frequency and awareness of hypoglycemia in patients with Type 2 Diabetes treated with two or more insulin injections in primary care outpatient clinics

Abstract

AimsTo assess the frequency of hypoglycemia events, patient characteristics and the prevalence of impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH) in patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) using two or more insulin injections in primary care. MethodsCross-sectional study performed at 9 Primary Care Centers including review of electronic medical records and an on-site visit to patients using >2 insulin injections with suboptimal control. Episodes of severe hypoglycemia (SH) in the last 12months were recorded. Non-severe hypoglycemia (NSH) was considered as self-monitoring blood glucose <70mg/dl. IAH was evaluated and HbA1c was obtained. Results157 subjects were included (age 68.4+10.7years, 82 women, T2D duration 18.3+8.7years). 57% used multiple daily injections. Total insulin was 66.9+43.4 units/day. The mean HbA1c was 9.2±1.4% (77±12mmol/mol) and only 13.4% had HbA1c <8% (64mmol/mol). The frequency of NSH was 0.74±1.37 episodes/week. Only one patient had a SH the last 12months. Around 10–12% of patients had IAH. In comparison with normal awareness, those with IAH had a longer duration of T2D (25.3±11.6 vs. 16.1±8.2 years, respectively, p<0.01). In the multiple linear regression analysis, only the IAH score and the total insulin dose independently determined the NSH number. ConclusionsNSH/SH in patients with T2D treated with two or more insulin injections in primary care settings seems to be relatively common. Although hypoglycemia awareness is predominantly preserved, the presence of IAH should not be ignored as it increases the risk of hypoglycemia and constitutes an additional barrier to recognize and address this burden in T2D.