French Translation, Adaptation, and Initial Validation of the Nurses’ Attitudes and Perceptions of Pain Assessment in Neonatal Intensive Care Questionnaire (NAPPAQ)

Abstract

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to translate, adapt and conduct initial psychometric validation of the French version of the Nurses’ Attitudes and Perceptions of Pain Assessment in neonatal intensive care Questionnaire (NAPPAQ) developed by Polkki in 2010. BackgroundAssessing nurses’ perceptions, attitudes and knowledge about pain management in preterm infants is important to improve neonatal practices. MethodsA sample of French-speaking nurses (n = 147) from Quebec and France working in neonatal intensive care was selected to validate the 46-item questionnaire. A French translation of the NAPPAQ, which includes Part I and II, was undertaken prior to its administration. The FIPM questionnaire was added as a Part III. Internal consistency and instrument structure were examined using Cronbach's alphas, inter-item and inter-scale correlations and exploratory factor analysis. ResultsThe NAPPAQ-FIPM is divided into three parts. Part I of the French version had a Cronbach's alpha of 0.64 and was composed of five factors. Part II had good total internal consistency (0.79) and adequate structure, established by inter-item correlations. Part III had good total internal consistency (0.76), and factor analysis findings suggested the presence of five factors. ConclusionsThe NAPPAQ-FIPM can be used for research purposes. Parts II and III obtained adequate psychometrics results. However, further refinement of Part I could improve its content and internal structure.