Abstract
The Russian Revolution of 1905 led to significant reconsiderations of strategies, prognoses, and uses of history among Marxists throughout the Second International. While many socialists restated conventional conceptions of a necessary succession of distinct stages of development within each social formation, others increasingly emphasized transformative agency as well as the analysis of historical forms and international relations. Where these elements were brought to the fore, the general determinations of stages of development as essential necessities within each social formation were de-emphasized. In all cases, the French Revolution remained a key sphere of reflection and reconsideration. This chapter approaches this nexus of strategy and history through the writings of V.I. Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Karl Kautsky and Rosa Luxemburg.
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