Abstract
Abstract An electrophoretic mobility technique utilizing molecular probes was employed to study the freezing patterns in apical stems of 2 azalea cultivars, Rhododendron yedoense var. poukhanense (Levi.) Nakai (unnamed clone termed ‘Poukhanense’ herein for convenience) and R. × ‘Maryann’ [R. indicum × (R. yedoense var. poukhanense × kaempferi)]. Excised twigs were frozen at 2°C per hr during which current and voltage were measured, and tissue resistance was calculated. As freezing occurred there was a dramatic increase in tissue resistance, indicating that ice quickly filled the extracellular space. This rapid ice formation is a nonequilibrium process independent of temperature change once nucleation has begun. Injury due to the rapid formation of extracellular ice, at temperatures well below the freezing point, may be a factor influencing winter survival.
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