Abstract
Freezing of a paraffin flow downstream of an abrupt expansion was studied experimentally. Results obtained for three different expansion ratios ( d D ) at a constant system flow rate ( Re D ≈ 3400) and a constant inlet Reynolds number ( Re d 3400) demonstrated that the ‘ice-band’ spacing is a function of the freezing parameter (θ) only and can be predicted to within 8% using a correlation developed for water flow in a constant-area duct. The results also showed that the effect of expansion caused freeze-off to occur at higher θ values, with freeze-off occurring for 7.5 < θ ⩽ 8.5, 11 < θ ⩽ 13, and 13 < θ ⩽ 16, respectively, for d/ D = 1.0 (no expansion), 0.643, and 0.340.
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