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Abstract
Cement-based materials are usually not exposed to an independent deterioration process but are exposed to a combination of mechanical load and environmental effects. This paper reports the frost resistance durability of strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC) under combined flexural loading at different levels and under chloride attack. The loss of mass, dynamic elastic modulus, and microstructure characteristics of SHCC specimens were determined, and the influence of loading level on frost resistance was analyzed. In addition, the effect of freeze–thaw action on the flexural performance and diffusion properties of chloride in SHCC under the combined loads was investigated. The results show that the process of degradation was accelerated due to the simultaneous action of flexural loading and freeze–thaw cycles in the chloride environment, and SHCC suffered more serious damage at a higher loading level. However, flexural strength decreased by only 13.87% after 300 freeze–thaw cycles at load level S = 0.36. The diffusion properties of chloride in SHCC under constant flexural loading were affected by the freezing and thawing cycle. The free chloride concentration Cf increased with the development of freezing and thawing at the same diffusion depth, and a bilinear relationship was found between the chloride diffusion coefficient Dc and the number of freeze–thaw cycles.
Highlights
Concrete is widely used in civil engineering, including for infrastructure and social facilities, as a safe and durable engineering material
Long-term durability is extremely important for all concrete structures, and it can be associated with the appearance of cracks when concrete is subjected to tensile stress
All specimens were synchronously moved into the salt solution again after the test finished
Summary
Concrete is widely used in civil engineering, including for infrastructure and social facilities, as a safe and durable engineering material. It is often subjected to tensile stress due to mechanical loads and environmental effects, and its brittle failure behavior is a particular concern [1]. Long-term durability is extremely important for all concrete structures, and it can be associated with the appearance of cracks when concrete is subjected to tensile stress. Controlled crack width, delayed crack growth rate, and improved concrete toughness are key problems in improving the durability of reinforced concrete structures and in the sustainable development of infrastructure construction. In order to control the propagation of harmful cracks effectively, researchers have tried to add admixtures and fibers to concrete or improve the performance of concrete by controlling the molding process. Due to the lack of theoretical guidance and other reasons, improvement of concrete toughness is very limited
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