Freeze-dried and irradiated allograft bone combined with fresh autologous coagula promotes angiogenesis in an ectopic bone allograft implantation model

Abstract

ABSTRACTBackground: Freeze-dried and irradiated allograft bone (FIAB) is more easily impacted than fresh-frozen allograft bone (FAB), but has weaker incorporation efficiency. We combined FIAB with fresh autologous coagula to enhance donor-host incorporation after impaction during hip revision. Methods: Thirty adult male Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were sacrificed for bone allograft harvesting, and nine male rats were subjected to ectopic bone allograft implantation. For each rat, the container on the left (study) side was filled with freeze-dried allograft bone powder and fresh autologous blood coagula, whereas the right (control) side was filled with freeze-dried allograft bone powder and physiological saline. The extent of angiogenesis (VEGFα) was investigated at postoperative weeks 1, 4, and 8. The deformability of the material was evaluated by performing a confined-impaction mechanical test. Results: At postoperative weeks 4 and 8, angiogenesis within FIAB on the left side was more pronounced than that on the right side. At postoperative week 1, the left side showed significantly higher VEGFα expression than that on the right side. The delta ratios of compression of the allografts were found to be influenced by bone height and impaction frequency, but not by stiffness or elastic modulus (EM). Conclusion: Supplementation with fresh autologous coagula promoted angiogenesis within the FIABs. Moreover, FIABs were equivalent to FABs in terms of deformability.