Freeman and the Abuse of Authority

Abuse of authority by government officials is one of the crucial problems in the Indonesian state administrative legal system that can cause great losses to the state and society. This research aims to analyze the concept, form, and handling of abuse of authority from the perspective of state administrative law. Through a normative juridical approach, this study examines relevant laws and regulations, doctrines, and case studies. The results of the analysis show that abuse of authority occurs when government officials use their power not in accordance with the goals set by the law, either by exceeding the limits of authority, mixing authority, or acting arbitrarily. Law enforcement against abuse of authority is regulated in the Government Administration Law and is the authority of the State Administrative Court (PTUN). However, its implementation still faces various obstacles, such as weak supervision, overlapping regulations, and political intervention. For this reason, it is necessary to strengthen regulations, protect whistleblowers, and apply good governance principles in order to create clean, transparent, and accountable governance. This research emphasizes the importance of the commitment of all elements of government in preventing and cracking down on abuse of authority in order to realize an effective and reliable government.

Abuse of authority by individual village heads in the Complete Systematic Land Registration Program (PTSL) is an important and interesting issue to research. This research aims to identify and analyze cases of abuse of authority that occurred in Cikupa Village in the 2021 fiscal year. The research method used is a case study with an empirical normative approach. Data was obtained through observation and document study. The research results show indications of abuse of authority by individual village heads in implementing PTSL, including misuse of funds, manipulation of data, and violations of procedures. The implication of these findings is the need for strict preventive and law enforcement measures to prevent abuse of authority in the future and ensure the continued success of PTSL implementation. This research makes an important contribution in understanding the dynamics of land program implementation at the local level and highlights the importance of transparent and accountable governance in the implementation of village government. Keywords: Cikupa Village, Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL).

The purpose of this study is to analyze the limits and forms of abuse of authority committed by the Deputy Minister of Law and Human Rights (Wamenkumham) in the management of General Legal Administration (AHU), as well as to examine the role of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) in supervising and handling these actions. This study uses a qualitative method with a legal-normative approach to analyze legal norms and their application in administrative governance, supplemented by a case study method for in-depth analysis of the Deputy Minister's alleged abuse of authority, supported by an analysis of relevant laws and regulations. The findings of this study indicate that the Deputy Minister's authority is coordinative and delegative in nature; actions beyond these limits can be categorized as abuse of authority. The KPK has an important role in monitoring, coordinating, and enforcing the law against such abuse of authority to maintain accountability and integrity in public administration. This study concludes that the application of good governance principles is fundamental in preventing abuse of authority in the Ministry of Law and Human Rights.

Nigeria’s textile arts scene is a vibrant tapestry of creativity, rich cultural heritage, and untapped potential. Textile arts is one of the solutions to the development of any nation. Despite its significance, the production faces numerous challenges that hinder innovation and growth. This article explores the obstacles and opportunities for innovation in textile arts in Nigeria, examining the current state, challenges, and prospects for future development. The study adopts multiple methods of research design such as literature review, case studies, expert interviews and discussions, observational studies to gather enough data with content analysis, and qualitative methods to analyze the data. Some challenges include lack of modernization and technology, brain drain and skills gap, lack of adequate raw materials, etc. In contrast, the ideas for innovation include, the revitalization of Adire and batik training programs and workshops, digital printing and design, etc. This will eventually lead to innovation for the nation’s building helping the graduates to be self-employed and also employers of labour. Findings reveal that there are still opportunities for improvement in the sector if the right strategies are implemented. KEYWORDS: innovation, challenges, textile arts, prospects, textile industry.

From a hilltop overlooking the community of Puerto Penasco, Mexican President Carlos Salinas de Gortari decreed a million-hectare biosphere reserve for the upper Gulf of California and the delta of the Colorado River. Assembled with him on the podium in June of 1993 were the governors of Sonora, Baja California, and Arizona, U.S. Secretary of the Interior Bruce Babbitt, Luis Donaldo Colosio, then head of the Secretaria de Desarrollo Social (SEDESOL), and Dr. Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de Leon, an aide to President Salinas at the time and now his successor. Salinas set the parameters for the reserve's management plan. Resource exploitation was to be prohibited within a nuclear zone at the mouth of the Colorado River, and offshore shrimp trawling was to be outlawed in a larger buffer zone, north of a line traversing the upper Gulf from Puerto Penasco to San Felipe on the coast of Baja California. Within this buffer zone, too, inshore fishermen would be restricted to the use of gillnets with a mesh size of four inches or less. Salinas also called for the active pursuit of economic alternatives for the region, specifically the further development of tourism, sport fishing, and aquaculture. Such pursuits were to be underwritten by a billion dollars in regional assistance from the Programa Nacional de Solidaridad (PRONASOL), run by the Sonoran native and heir-apparent to Salinas, Luis Donaldo Colosio. In its conception, then, the biosphere reserve was an amalgam of resource management notions. It called for a strictly protected nuclear zone—although none of its architects specifically addressed the nascent literature on "harvest refugia" as a fisheries enhancement tool (cf. Dugan and Davis 1991a, 1991b; Carr and Reed 1991; Tegner 1991; Roberts and Polunin 1993). It presumed the need for an "integrated conservation and development program" (ICDP) to relieve pressure on endangered species and a fragile environment (cf. Brandon and Wells 1992; Chou et al. 1991; Stycos and Duarte 1995; White 1988). And, at least in the buffer zone, the plan suggested that a "sustainable" fishery could be fostered—primarily through severe restrictions on gear. The Upper Gulf of California and Colorado River Delta Biosphere Reserve thus began as a concerted effort to arrest the deterioration of an ecosystem and to protect several endangered marine species. It is a symbol, too, of Mexico's willingness to respond to international calls for environmental consciousness. Simultaneously, though, Mexico was responding to another international agenda. The neoliberalism of the North urged—indeed, required—Mexico to undertake a multifaceted program of structural adjustment, including, in the case at hand, the privatization of the region's fisheries. The Gulf of California, thus, serves as a crucible for these two agendas, and we here take a midcourse glance at how these agendas are sorting themselves out. We examine the political environment in which the biosphere reserve was conceived and, consequently, the environmental politics accompanying the implementation process. And we assess, again in a preliminary way, since there is no closure to the process, how one small community in the upper gulf is structurally adjusting to the new economic order. These two seemingly disparate agendas are, in El Golfo de Santa Clara at the mouth of the Colorado River, very much intertwined.

This study explores the role of administrative law in addressing cases of abuse of authority resulting in state losses. In the context of the background, abuse of authority by government officials can lead to significant financial losses for the state. The primary research question posed is how administrative law can be utilized to resolve such cases of abuse of authority, and what contribution it makes to preventing and combating these practices in the future. The research methodology involves document analysis, case studies, and relevant literature review. The reported findings in this article indicate that administrative law plays a crucial role in upholding justice and accountability in handling cases of abuse of authority, by providing a clear legal framework and effective law enforcement mechanisms. The conclusion drawn from this article emphasizes the importance of implementing robust administrative law to prevent and address abuses of authority, as well as the need for collaboration between law enforcement agencies and the government to ensure integrity and transparency in governance.

This research aims to analyze the reasoning of judges in the Ruling of the Pangkalpinang District Court Number 31/Pid.Sus-TPK/2024/PN PGP concerning fictitious financing cases in Islamic banking, positioning it within the spectrum between a formalistic approach and substantive justice. This research employs a normative legal research method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, analyzed qualitatively through tracing the ratio decidendi of the decisions and comparing them with doctrines of economic criminal law and banking law. The results indicate that the panel of judges has successfully proven the elements of corruption offenses normatively, particularly the abuse of authority and state financial losses; however, the reasoning applied remains predominantly formalistic. The main findings of this research reveal that judges have not deeply elaborated on the concepts of fiduciary duty, the trust of office, and substantive parameters for distinguishing between administrative errors and official crimes. The contribution of this research lies in the development of a more substantive judicial reasoning framework by integrating the principles of prudence, abuse of authority, and the specific characteristics of Islamic banking, thereby enabling criminal law to function proportionally as an instrument for protecting public interests and substantive justice.

Mola panels, made of layers of cloth, are a well-known souvenir and collectible internationally. A pair of rectangular mola panels form the back and front of a mola blouse and are part of the dress of an indigenous American Indian people, the Kuna (Guna), who live in Panama and Colombia. While the mola may be considered a form of wearable art, it has become a source of inspiration for contemporary Western textile artworks. The techniques used by Kuna women to sew mola panels – surface appliqué, reverse appliqué and embroidery – have been imitated, adapted, and transformed by textile artists, often as an evolving practice. The global influence of the mola is demonstrated in case studies of the work of six textile artists: Tsuyako Miyazaki (Japan), Fumiko Nakayama (Japan), John Corbett (Australia), Charlotte Patera (US), Christel Walter (Germany) and Herta Puls (UK). The works reviewed, stitched from the 1970s until recent times, are considered in terms of visual organization, color palette, materials, design motif, scale, sewing techniques, intent (meaning to the maker) and display qualities. The individual strategies of artists in responding to sources of inspiration originating from non-western cultures are considered along a continuum from imitation, through adaptation, to transformation.

This paper explores the historical undervaluation of textile crafts within Western societies, particularly concerning their strong associations with female labor. Despite their rich cultural and social significance, textile arts have often been relegated to the margins of artistic and economic discourse, overshadowed by forms of expression deemed more "legitimate" or valuable (Nochlin, 1971). This research aims to challenge these perceptions by highlighting the inherent value of textile crafts and their role in shaping a more relational and ethically grounded concept of prosperity in fashion. The study begins by examining how gender biases have contributed to the marginalization of textile arts. Traditionally viewed as "women's work," these crafts have been undervalued both economically and culturally, resulting in a limited appreciation of their significance By analyzing the social and political dimensions of textile art, particularly through the practice of knitting groups and other communal activities, the paper argues that these crafts are vital forms of relational art (Newmeyer, 2008). They foster community, sustain cultural traditions, and serve as powerful tools for social connection and political expression The practice of textile arts, particularly when understood as relational art, exemplifies the new conception of prosperity, offering a model for a fashion industry that prioritizes the common good over purely commercial interests. The relational aspect of textile crafts exemplifies a form of prosperity that is not purely economic, but deeply rooted in social connections and community building. This reflects the idea of prosperity as a resource generated by a community, contributing to both economic and human value within ethical and environmental constraints. A case study of Italian textile artist Maria Lai is presented to illustrate how textile arts can contribute to this reimagined prosperity in fashion and impact the relationships with the urban space). Lai’s work, deeply rooted in her community and personal narrative, demonstrates the potential of textile crafts to transcend their marginalized status and become central to a more inclusive and ethical understanding of fashion. Her art reflects a vision of prosperity that values cultural heritage, communal ties, and sustainable practices, providing a compelling example of how textile crafts can shape the future of fashion. Ultimately, this paper advocates for a reevaluation of textile material culture within the fashion industry, urging a shift towards a prosperity that is relational, ethical, and sustainable.

Police officers' culpa in carrying out their duties has a serious impact on the justice system and the accountability of the police institution. This study analyzes the case of Decision No. 55/Pid.B/2024/PN Plk to evaluate the legal process in dealing with the culpa of officers that led to death and serious injury. The results showed that the lenient verdict against the defendant did not reflect substantive justice and created a crisis of public confidence in the legal system. Lack of transparency in investigations and weak regulations on the use of force in the police force exacerbate this situation. Inequality in law enforcement between officers and civilians exacerbates injustice in the criminal justice system. In recent years, a number of cases involving members of the police as perpetrators of crimes, especially those related to violence, have reduced the positive image of the police in the eyes of the public. One of the most prominent cases was a shooting committed by a police officer in Palangkaraya, Central Kalimantan, which involved culpa and abuse of authority. From 2023 to 2025, two shooting incidents involving members of the National Police occurred in this region, with most of the victims being civilians. These cases illustrate not only individual errors in the performance of duties, but also weaknesses in POLRI's internal control system. These shootings by police officers raise questions about causal factors, such as culpa in supervision, abuse of authority, mental health problems, and inability to manage emotions under pressure. Therefore, reforms in oversight mechanisms, increased transparency in the judiciary, and strengthened regulations related to police accountability are needed to ensure fairer law enforcement. In addition, protection for victims must be strengthened so that justice is not only oriented towards the perpetrators but also towards the rights of victims and their families. Legal reforms should include improvements to police operational standards so that the use of force remains in accordance with the principles of human rights and the rule of law. These reforms are expected to make the criminal justice system more effective in enforcing the law fairly and increase public confidence in the police institution.

In carrying out their duties and functions legally, officials have been regulated by law, but in exercising authority in office, they are also limited by law. Forms of abuse of power by public officials who commit corruption in a position and use it for personal and group interests to enrich themselves and certain groups and harm many people or the general public, namely in cases of corruption. Abuse of authority in office, namely in criminal acts of corruption by one of the university rectors in Lampung, followed by criminal acts of corruption in the Bengkalis Island Outer Ring Road improvement project and the Deputy Attorney General of the Manado State Attorney General’s Office. So, this needs to be studied in depth through criminological studies to determine the factors that cause someone to commit a crime. This study uses empirical normative research methods and statutory, conceptual, and case study approaches. The results of this study indicate that several factors influence an official who commits a criminal act of corruption. These internal factors include personality traits such as human greed, poor morals, and dishonesty. Next are external factors, including opportunity and economic factors (consumptive lifestyle). Efforts to deal with the criminal act of corruption and abuse of authority in the office can be carried out through preventive efforts, namely by building morale, honest attitude, and a clean work ethic. Then, through repressive efforts, severe penalties are imposed that create a deterrent effect and create fear for others to commit corruption.

The enforcement of criminal procedure law plays an important role in maintaining the balance between the interests of the state and the protection of the human rights of suspects in the judicial process. The legal issue that often arises is the misalignment between the implementation of criminal procedure law and the protection of suspects’ human rights, especially in terms of arrest, detention, and trial. This paper aims to analyze the effect of the implementation of criminal procedure law on the protection of the human rights of suspects at various stages of the judicial process. The writing method used is normative juridical, with a legislative approach as well as literature and case studies. The results showed that although the criminal procedure law has expressly regulated the protection of the human rights of suspects, in practice there are still many violations, such as abuse of authority by law enforcement officials and lack of understanding of the rights of suspects. This indicates the need for reforms in the enforcement of criminal procedure law to be more effective in protecting the human rights of suspects, including increased supervision and education of legal officers and simplification of the legal process.

This study investigates the relationship between training practices, organizational culture, incidents of abuse of authority, and unsafe training practices within law enforcement agencies. The main purpose of the study is to identify factors contributing to police misconduct and to provide recommendations for reforms to ensure the safety and well-being of trainees, prevent similar incidents in the future, and restore public faith in law enforcement agencies. This study used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methodology. The quantitative method was used to get the data from surveys coming from the participants and official records from the involved agency and organization. The qualitative method was used for the interviews and case studies. The sample includes trainees, officers, and supervisors from various law enforcement agencies. Results reveal that abuse of authority and unsafe training practices are associated with a negative organizational culture, inadequate ethical training, and a lack of effective leadership. Furthermore, the fear experienced by trainees in complying with excessive demands contributes to the risk of harm. The study also found that such incidents can damage the reputation of the police force, leading to a loss of public trust and confidence. In conclusion, the findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to address these issues, including implementing ethical training, strong leadership, transparency, accountability measures, and evidence-based recruitment practices. These measures can promote a positive organizational culture, enhance the safety and well-being of trainees, and restore public faith in law enforcement agencies.

This research analyzes the legal implications of issuing building use rights certificates (HGB) over public housing facilities in Madiun City. The case study at Housing X shows a violation of Regional Regulation Number 14 of 2017 regarding the developer's obligation to hand over public facilities. The issuance of HGB on land that is supposed to be a public facility raises a number of legal problems, including violations of the social function of the land, abuse of authority, and potential losses for the community. This research is research using the method Socio Legal Research. This research concludes that this practice can have an impact on canceling HGB certificates and open up opportunities for legal claims from both local governments and disadvantaged communities. This study recommends the need for stricter supervision of the implementation of relevant laws and regulations and consistent law enforcement to prevent the recurrence of similar incidents.

SYNOPSIS. Explanations in morphology can be classified into functional and evolutionary explanations which do not coincide with the limits of functional morphology and of evolutionary biology as usually recognized. Functional explanations are nomological-deductive in form and deal with many aspects of morphology such as how structures operate, correlations between form and function, and the adaptiveness of features. Evolutionary explanations cover the historical origin of features and use historical-narrative analysis as the basic method. The results of these two types of explanations are quite complementary. It is clear that functional explanations can never be complete no matter how detailed they are, and that evolutionary explanations are absolutely dependent on prior functional explanations. Functional explanations, however, can be made independently of evolutionary explanations. A case study is presented dealing with the relationships between several categories of properties in the form-function complex, namely the possibility of predicting or explaining one property of a feature given a second property under a strict functional explanation. It was shown that it is possible to predict properties of function given the form of a feature, even if the feature is a complex one. However, it is not possible to predict uniquely the properties of form of a feature given its function in a functional explanation. Nevertheless, both types of explanations are most valuable in theoretical and empirical anatomical studies, and should be used to their fullest. Predictions of possible morphological form from known properties of function is one of the most powerful research strategies in morphology in discovering new anatomical features as well as providing an essential foundation for any evolutionary explanation in morphology.