Freedom and Democracy Communication of Religious Identities in the Pluralistic Public Sphere

Abstract

Pluralistic public sphere is where sociological categories such as action, interests and identities, and the basic concepts of philosophy such as freedom, democracy, equality and difference, are connected with each other. Communication here has always been in interaction with personalities and identities. However, in time, public communication of social belongings based on difference or equality has led to some conflicts. Thinkers such as Thomas Hobbes, Immanuel Kant and Jürgen Habermas have studied miscommunication in public within the framework of the concept of pluralism, which is historically and sociologically related to religious identities. In the article, this connection of communication, interaction and relationships will be covered by the image of God in Gilgamesh, the function that Emile Durkheim attributed to religion, and some sociological examples.