Abstract

The free surface influence on the power extraction of turbines in open-channel flow is analyzed under use of continuity, momentum and energy equations. The approach differs of previous models by avoiding two drawbacks: the exceeding of the available power with the Betz definition and the inaccurate assumption of an undisturbed approaching flow. The result is an energetic optimization focusing on the energy dissipation due to wake and shock losses downstream of the turbine.

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