Free Surface Deformation of Thermo-Solutocapillary Convection in Axisymmetric Liquid Bridge

Abstract

Steady thermo-solutocapillary convection in axisymmetric liquid bridge with dynamic free surface is numerically studied in the absence of gravitational effects. The upper and lower disks of liquid bridge maintain at constant temperature and solute concentration. The deformable free surface is obtained by Level set method. Numerical simulations are carried out for Prantle number Pr = 1, Capillary number Ca = 0.1, Marangoni number 1 ≤ Ma ≤ 100, and thermal to solutal Marangoni number ratio −10≤Rσ≤ 0.1. The results show that there are three modes of free surface deformation in thermo-solutocapillary convection under low Marangoni number: 1) as −10≤Rσ<−1, the free surface bulges out near the lower disk and bulges in near the upper disk; 2) as Rσ=−1 the free surface bulges out near the lower and upper disks and bulges in at the central region of the liquid bridge; 3) as −1Rσ≤−0.1, the free surface bulges out near the upper disk and bulges in near the lower disk. Moreover, the effect of Marangoni number on free surface deformation also is discussed.