Free Speech Under Pressure: The Effect of Online Harassment on Literary Writers

Juliane Wegner,Carlos Collado Seidel,Elizabeth Prommer

doi:10.17645/mac.v8i4.3252

Juliane Wegner, Carlos Collado Seidel + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i4.3252

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Abstract

In the perception of writers in Germany, free speech is under strong pressure. A survey study, in which 526 literature writers took part, reveals innumerable aspects of hate speech, online harassment, and even physical assaults. Every second person has already experienced assaults on his or her person and is also aware of attacks on colleagues. Three quarters are concerned about freedom of expression in Germany and complain of an increase in threats, intimidation, and hateful reactions. The research project was developed in collaboration between the Institute for Media Research, University of Rostock, and the PEN Center Germany.

Highlights

Is free speech an essential requirement for democratic states, it is a key factor for a diverse and inclusive society
Digital public spheres play a key role in the emergence of so-called hate speech and shitstorms
In line with the literature review, our guiding questions are: Do literary writers have personal experience with hate speech, online harassment, shitstorms, or other forms of assault? Which issues are likely to stimulate harassment? How does this show up in their work? Does this lead to self-censorship? To answer these questions, we conducted a standardised online survey among authors and writers with open and closed questions addressing these topics

Summary

Introduction

Is free speech an essential requirement for democratic states, it is a key factor for a diverse and inclusive society. The diversity of ideas and opinions together with public discourse and critical reflection form the basis of democratic societies. This requires the freedom of speech as a central aspect that is anchored in the German constitution (German Basic Law) and constitutions of many other countries as well. This ideal is grounded through the inclusive function Digital public spheres play a key role in the emergence of so-called hate speech and shitstorms (cf Duggan et al, 2014; Leets, 2002; Nolden, 2020; Rieger, Schmitt, & Frischlich, 2018; Springer, 2014)

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