Free Radicals and Actinobacteria as a Misexplored Goldmine of Antioxidant Compounds.

Thales Henrique B De Oliveira,Leonor A.O Da Silva,Luana C.B.B Coelho,Norma B De Gusmão

doi:10.1590/0001-3765202120201925

Thales Henrique B De Oliveira, Leonor A.O Da Silva + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120201925

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Abstract

Free radicals are highly reactive unstable molecules, which can be synthesized in different ways, considered harmful and threatening to humans; these chemical species have free traffic throughout the human body, interacting with biological molecules and human body organ tissues. The interaction between free radicals and biological molecules is the main factor for disease development or pre-existing disease symptoms aggravation. Antioxidants are chemical compounds able to donate electric charge to stabilize molecules such as free radicals. Recent studies have proved the benefits of antioxidants intake in health improvement. In this way, the search for natural sources of antioxidants has become an ascending trend. In this field, the microbial sources are considered poorly explored compared to the numerous amount of other compounds obtained from them, especially from Actinobacteria. The searched literature about Actinobacteria highlights an important capacity of producing natural antioxidants; however, there is a lack of in vivo studies of these isolated compounds. In this review, we gathered information that supports our point of view that Actinobacteria is a truly renewable and superficially explored source of natural antioxidants. Furthermore, our purpose is also to point this limitation and stimulate more researches in this area.

Highlights

Free radicals are dangerous molecules to cells and the human body
This review focused on the antioxidant potential of molecules produced by Actinobacteria isolated from different environments and its potential of extinguishment of the most variety of unstable molecules, with many unknown and non-reported compounds as an escape route to this trouble
The real scenario of a poorly studied physiology of free radicals within liver diseases mentioned at the top of this issue, some pieces of evidence proving the involvement of these species on liver pathologies have raised the proposal of mesenchymal stem cell therapy which is considered a promising strategy in acute liver injury treatment, as well as antioxidant therapy, pointed out as a possible, hopeful and less costly approach that has attracted attention in recent years (Hwang et al 2019)

Summary

Introduction

Free radicals are dangerous molecules to cells and the human body. The excess of these molecules causes tissue damage and disease development or worsening. The free radicals when excessively present may act as signaling molecules driving upper regulation of collagen deposition genes such as TGF-β1 fibrogenic factor in hepatic fibrosis scenario (Tian et al 2018), stimulating chronic hepatic inflammation through Hbx protein (Ha & Yu 2010), inducing lipid peroxidation that leads to hepatic tissue damage (Thuy le et al 2017), and lipid deposition on non-alcoholic steatosis once the occurrence of mitochondrial imbalance (Marseglia et al 2014).

Results

Conclusion