Abstract
Monoterpene compounds contribute floral and fruity characters to wine and are desired by grape growers and winemakers for many white wines. However, monoterpene isomers, especially monoterpene enantiomers, have been little explored. It is possible to identify and quantitate 17 monoterpene isomers in 148 varietal wines from eight grape varieties; Chardonnay, Gewürztraminer, Muscat, Pinot gris, Riesling, Sauvignon blanc, Torrontes, and Viognier in two vintages by Headspace solidphase microextraction multidimensional gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-MDGC-MS). Results obtained from general linear models and discriminant analysis showed significant differences for the isomer profiles and enantiomer fractions among the eight grape varieties and four wine styles. The high R2 values from the fitted line show low variation in enantiomeric differences based on variety. These results provide an overview of the monoterpene isomers of wide varietal wines, and support that isomer profiles and enantiomer fractions could differentiate our wines by varietal and wine style.
Highlights
White wines are frequently characterized by floral and fruity aromas, and these characteristics are major factors in determining the white wine character and quality
Argentina is the most well-known growing region for this grape variety and wines from this varietal could not be found from other regions
In order to determine any varietal and style effects that may influence monoterpene content, we considered a general linear models (GLM) procedure to model the monoterpene isomer profiles in wines in terms of two factors: grape variety and wine style
Summary
White wines are frequently characterized by floral and fruity aromas, and these characteristics are major factors in determining the white wine character and quality. Linalool, nerol, geraniol, terpineol, linalool oxide, rose oxide, and nerol oxide have been used to differentiate Muscat wines from different regions [6,7,8,9]. Terpene profile patterns have been shown to differentiate Germany Muscat wines from neutral white wines (e.g., Sylvaner) as well [3,10]. There is limited information on enantiomeric composition of monoterpenes in white wines, and the differences in isomers have the potential to greatly influence the aroma of these wines. Despite their importance, monoterpenes are generally minor compounds with trace concentrations in grapes and wines and quantitation for these isomers are very limited to date
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