Abstract
Planar and rigid conventional electronics are intrinsically incompatible with curvilinear and deformable devices. The recent development of organic and inorganic flexible and stretchable electronics enables the production of various applications, such as soft robots, flexible displays, wearable electronics, electronic skins, bendable phones, and implantable medical devices. To power these devices, persistent efforts have thus been expended to develop a flexible energy storage system that can be ideally deformed while maintaining its electrochemical performance. In this review, the enabling technologies of the electrochemical and mechanical performances of flexible devices are summarized. The investigations demonstrate the improvement of electrochemical performance via the adoption of new materials and alternative reactions. Moreover, the strategies used to develop novel materials and distinct design configurations are introduced in the following sections.
Highlights
Over the past decade, highly deformable electronics have attracted considerable attention as promising alternatives to conventional rigid electronics
The results demonstrate that the battery process has a highly stable electrochemical performance at the dynamic state of repeated release/stretch cycles
This review showed considerable performances of bending and folding batteries, limited applicable angle and strain remain challenges for the bending and folding energy storage devices to be applied to skin attachable devices and medical implants
Summary
Highly deformable electronics have attracted considerable attention as promising alternatives to conventional rigid electronics. Among the recognized stretchable substrate materials suitable for the fabrication of implantable electronic systems are polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyaniline, and carbon-based materials. These have considerable potential because of their specific mechanical properties (compliance and softness), good biocompatibility, and thermal stability [14,15]. In the fabrication of flexible devices, it is extremely important to prepare new designs to impart flexibility to rigid metal films. This is because, in general, these materials can withstand a strain of only
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