Abstract
Free electron laser dynamics is characterized by the interplay between bunching and emission processes. The first mechanism can be quantitatively specified in terms of the so-called bunching coefficients, which determine the degree of the bunching at the fundamental and higher harmonics. We numerically solve the Liouville equation, which rules the longitudinal phase-space dynamics, and evaluate the bunching coefficients and associated harmonic generation. We develop a semianalytical method to study the harmonic generation and evolution in free electron laser oscillators.
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