Abstract
The polarization properties of backscattered radiation from a relativistic electron beam are analyzed. It is shown that the polarization state of the backscattered radiation is changed with respect to that of the incoming radiation whenever a transverse component is present in the velocity distribution of the electron beam. Changes of polarization properties are evaluated in order to serve as a diagnostic tool for electron-beam parameters relevant to the performance of free-electron lasers, namely the beam emittance and the wiggler parameter. A measurable dimensionless ‘‘depolarization parameter’’ is introduced which directly measures these two parameters.
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