Abstract
Natural convection fluid flow and heat transfer inside H-shaped enclosures filled with nanofluid has been investigated numerically using the finite difference method. The governing parameters considered are the Rayleigh number (50 ≤ Ra ≤ 1000), the aspect ratio of the H-shaped enclosure (0.2 ≤ AR ≤ 0.8), the different lengths of the heat source (0.2 ≤ B ≤ 0.8), the different locations of the heat source (0.2 ≤ D ≤ 0.5), the volume fraction of the nanoparticles (0 ≤ Φ ≤ 0.1), and the different types of nanoparticles (Cu, Ag, Al2O3, and TiO2). It is found that the mean Nusselt number increases with an increase in Rayleigh number and regardless of the aspect ratio of the enclosure. Also at low Rayleigh numbers, the effect of Cu nanoparticles on enhancement of the heat transfer for narrow enclosures was found to be more than that for wide enclosures.
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