Free convection flow of hybrid ferrofluid past a heated spinning cone

Abstract

• Hybrid ferrofluid flow past a vertical spinning cone is numerically analyzed. • Hybrid ferrofluid is made of EG-water base fluid and Fe 3 O 4 + CoFe 2 O 4 ferroparticles. • IPS solutions are given for PST and PHF boundary conditions. • PST condition produces higher skin friction than PHF condition. • Hybrid ferrofluid yields highest skin friction and highest heat transfer. This paper analyzes the implementation of numerical computation based on the Iterative Power Series (IPS) method to investigate the steady boundary layer flow around and free convection from a spinning vertical cone placed in an otherwise still hybrid ferrofluid. The hybrid ferrofluid is prepared by suspending magnetite ( F e 3 O 4 ) and cobalt ferrite ( CoF e 2 O 4 ) ferroparticles in a 50%-50% solution of ethylene glycol (EG) and water ( H 2 O ). The investigations on heat transfer compare results for the Prescribed Surface Temperature (PST) and Prescribed Heat Flux (PHF) boundary conditions. Similarity transformations are implemented for converting the partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Numerical solution of the non-linear governing ODEs is obtained by employing the IPS method jointly with iterative shooting procedure. The present approach shows very good agreement with the findings of reported research for some special cases. The influence of governing parameters on the quantities of physical and engineering interest are presented using graphs and tables. It is found that skin friction is greater for PST boundary condition and the heat transfer is greater for PHF boundary condition. The hybrid ferrofluid yields maximum skin friction and maximum heat transfer compared to base fluids and simple nanofluids.