Free and peptide amino acid net flux across the rumen and the mesenteric- and portal-drained viscera of sheep.

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to determine the significance of the peptide amino acid (PAA) contribution to amino acid (AA) net flux in the portal vein and to evaluate the capacity for peptide absorption in the different segments of the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants. Four sheep (64+/-3 kg BW) were fitted with catheters and blood flow probes, allowing AA net flux measurements across the portal- (PDV) and mesenteric (MDV)-drained viscera and the rumen. Sheep were fed at maintenance a diet containing hay and extruded peas (70:30). Peptide absorption was investigated by a dose infusion of a mixture of peptides (casein hydrolysate, Pro-Phe, beta-Ala-His, Gly-Gly) into the rumen. Control and postinjection net fluxes of plasma free amino acids (FAA) and PAA were determined. The concentration of plasma PAA was determined by quantification of amino acids before and after acid hydrolysis of samples first submitted to chemical deproteinization and ultrafiltration (3-kDa cut-off filter). During the control period a significant net release (12 mmol/h) of PAA was observed across the PDV, which accounted for 35% of the sum of FAA and PAA net fluxes. This PDV flux of PAA mainly resulted from a MDV release of PAA (15 mmol/h). The net flux of total PAA across the ruminal wall was not significantly different from zero, but uptake of peptide Ile and release of peptide Gly were observed. The injection into the rumen of the peptide mixture increased the net release of peptide essential AA (EAA) across the MDV (P < .05) and the PDV (P < .10), and of peptide Pro and Phe across the non-MDV (P < .10). Peptide Ile uptake by the rumen tissues was decreased by the injection (P < .05). Significant increases in peptide Pro and Gly arterial concentrations were observed (P < .05). The 3-Ala-His and Gly-Gly arterial concentrations and net fluxes across the PDV were not affected by their injections into the rumen. This study showed that PAA may contribute significantly to AA flux across the PDV of sheep, and that part of this flux can probably be attributed to peptide absorption from the gut lumen. When high concentrations of peptides are generated in the rumen the possibility of peptide absorption before the jejunum has to be considered.