菲得利克.洛.歐姆斯德（Frederick Law Olmsted, 1822－1903）的休閒思想

Abstract

The aim of this study is at exploring Frederick Law Olmsted's life (1822-1903), origin of and the recreational concept, which to contribute to and influence American society. The methods was documentary analysis in order to conclude how the recreational concept of Olmsted was shaped by his life background and value, the social environment and ideological trend, and significant others of the day, how the recreational concept of Olmsted was put in practice, and how the recreational concept of Olmsted contribute to and influence American society? The scope of this study focused on the recreational concept of Olmsted to the goal of informing American society and the satisfaction of the American people physiological and psychological needs. Olmsted went through the death of relatives and friends in his childhood and teenage, and suffered from the diseases in his late life. Olmsted devoted to many careers and published few books. Because of the enlightenment of Andrew Jackson Downing and the experiences of traveling in Europe, visiting the parks and hometown grasslands, Olmsted believed beautiful parks could make people relax, beautify city environment, promote relationship, nourish human spirit and so on. Therefore, Olmsted cooperated with Calvert Vaux and other partners to design and build many famous parks and park systems, and the Central Park was the most one. These were the best places for recreation. Besides, Olmsted devoted to the programs of protecting national parks in order to preserve natural ecology and keep people enjoy the landscape beauty. Olmsted opened a model of the modern metropolis design for the recreational function, promoted the building of the recreation facilities, put up the recreational professional education and initiated the movement of the preserving natural ecology.