Fraud Analysis in Iran and Egypt Law

Abstract

Fraud is one of the most common crimes in most countries (including Iran and Egypt), the cause of which can be mainly found in the economic motives of the perpetrator which in addition to harm to the victim, society is not immune from harm and for this reason, the Iranian legislature in Article 109 of the Islamic Penal Code adopted in 2013 has explicitly classified fraud as an economic crime. The swindler has deceptive language tools, regardless of fraudulent means. Interestingly, the components and characteristics of a fraudulent personal behavior from the perspective of linguistics are the observance of the principle of etiquette, not insistence on persuading the other party and the appropriate physical context. This crime is considered as (white collar crimes). Fraud is similar to misappropriation of property other than theft and betrayal of a trust, but it has special characteristics which distinguishes it from the above-mentioned crimes, including the use of fraudulent means, deception of property, and the surrender of property by her to the fraudster, is a special feature of fraud that there is not in other crimes. In this study, we will comparatively study the crime of fraud in the law of Iran and Egypt, and in particular, we will examine the indirect fraud and fraudulent study of services in the law of these two countries.