Frankl, Adler, and spirituality

Abstract

This paper is centered upon the theoretical differences between Alfred Adler and his former colleague Viktor Frankl from the point of view of a psychologist whose clinical beliefs have been influenced by both leaders. Such a confrontation cannot be honestly avoided by one with an Adlerian orientation, for Frankl treats Adlerian psychology with a para doxical praise and disdain. He has credited Adler with pioneering existential psychiatry and the importance of social factors. Yet he re gards his own contributions to psychiatry as sufficient to warrant a "Third Viennese School of Psychotherapy." There is little doubt that Frankl has, by his personal actions, re emphasized in our times the necessity of a psychology of courage and spirituality. It is likewise important to emphasize that Frankl's existen tial analysis can flourish only by misinterpreting the meaning and in tent of Adlerian efforts.