Abstract
This article describes and analyzes the diplomatic career of Ernest Constans, French ambassador to the Ottoman Empire in the years 1898 to 1909. It emphasizes the remarkably independent character of Constans’s diplomacy and discusses the factors that made such independence possible. Arguing that Constans was chiefly concerned with personal financial gain throughout his diplomatic posting, it examines the key role he played in the development of the Baghdad Railway project as well as his considerable impact on other important international issues such as the Franco-Ottoman crisis of 1901 and Macedonian reform. It points to the many advantages that he derived from his close links with French politicians and newspapers, and it concludes with some observations about his diplomatic career as a whole.
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