Abstract
This article aims to discuss the concept of fragmentation of peace in order to understand how the concept proposed by Galtung (1969) is being operationalized, implemented and disseminated as an international agenda. Taking the Millennium and Sustainable Development Goals implemented by the United Nations as parameter, this article embeds in a framing perspective, arguing that positive peace is more than a concept, rather a pragmatic common and global strategy.
Highlights
When Galtung (1969) formulated the concept of both negative and positive peace based on an analysis of violence, he established a dichotomy on what is understood as, on the one hand, the absence of war or direct violence and, on the other side, the end of structural violence, respectively
To analyze the fragmentation perspective into a peace conceptualization, this paper is structured in three parts: it first explains the concept of fragmentation within the notion on framing approach; second, it builds upon on the idea of positive peace to enable an understanding of the fragmentation of the goals defined as part of the Sustainable Development approach; and, third, how the fragmentation of peace creates a new pattern of promoting a global and shared agenda, which gained scope through a preliminary comparison based on the establishment of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by the United Nations (UN)
Since the purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding of the SDGs as a reframing process for comprehending social reality into a fragmented approach of defining different strategies for peace; such understanding only becomes evident when compared the goals comprised as part of the SDGs to its previous framework – the MDGs – as a perspective in which peace is embedded
Summary
When Galtung (1969) formulated the concept of both negative and positive peace based on an analysis of violence, he established a dichotomy on what is understood as, on the one hand, the absence of war or direct violence and, on the other side, the end of structural violence, respectively. Its implementation requires a revitalized Global Partnership that will work in a spirit of global solidarity, to facilitate an intensive global engagement in support of the implementation of all the goals and targets, bringing together Governments, the private sector, civil society, the United Nations system and other actors and mobilizing all available resources (UN, 2015: 10) This holistic perspective in promoting social, economic and environmental benefits can be understood as a fragmented form of providing peace from, on the one hand, by the MDGs that designed eight goals to be achieved and, on the other hand, by the SDGs, that enlarged its predecessor version into 17 goals, as the table 2 shows.
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