Abstract
Genetically Modified organisms (GMOs) are a tool of solution in helping to tackle the challenge of global food security for ever growing population. With global population expected to grow by 40% in the next few decades, agriculture will need to become more productive and more sustainable in order to keep pace with rapidly increasing demands. The current biotechnology permits to alter the genetic makeup of living organisms to produce much quicker and beneficial results. The present study is aimed to evaluate the economic, environmental and nutritive benefits of transgenic crops. We have reviewed many articles from various journals, blogs and media clips related to the subject. Results indicate that the use of GMOs have many potential benefits that include increased crop production, improved nutrition, and drought tolerance, reduced fertilizers and pesticides, better environmental condition, improved economic benefits and improvement in fruit storage. Conversely, there are few concerns about possible unpredicted adverse health effects, environmental damage, gene pollution and business exploitation. Results also indicate the towering costs and uncertainty about the guidelines of GMOs have slowed the rate of innovation of new qualities and prevented set ups and major corporate sectors from developing many second-generation varieties to facilitate the improvement of our well-being.
Highlights
Humans have modified food plants and animals for many centuries by selection breeding
From 1996 to 2013, the total surface area of land cultivated with genetically modified (GM) crops increased from 17,000 square kilometers (4,200,000 acres) to 1,750,000 km2 (432 million acres) (ISAAA 2013).10% of the world's croplands were planted with GM crops in 2010
In February 2015 Arctic Apples were approved by the USDA (Pollack, A.2015) becoming the first genetically modified apple approved for US sale (Tennille, Tracy (2015)
Summary
Humans have modified food plants and animals for many centuries by selection breeding. With the Green Revolution that Norman Borlaug fathered, the very real danger that tens of millions dying has withdrawn. Borlaug work gave the agriculture scientists a window in which they could develop new technologies to feed the ever growing population of the planet (Gaud, William S.1968). According to the World Food Program (WFP), about 800 million people or one in nine people on this planet don’t have sufficient food to lead a healthy and active life (http://www.wfp.org). Experts predict that the global food crisis may occur within four to five years if appropriate measures not taken. Uncontrolled population growth, increasing conflict and dislocation, natural calamities and appearance of major outbreaks are some of the factors that will multiple difficulties of global food security over the coming years.
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